Myanmar Election : First phase of 2025 multi-party general election

Myanmar commenced the first phase of its 2025 multi-party democracy general election on 28 December, covering 102 townships nationwide. The election is being conducted under a dual electoral system. The Pyithu Hluttaw continues to use the First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) system, while the Amyotha Hluttaw and Region/State Hluttaws are using a Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) system.

The adoption of the MMP system is intended to allow representation in proportion to votes received, including for ethnic and smaller political parties. To support the integrity of the electoral process, the Myanmar Electronic Voting Machine (MEVM) is being utilized.

The system has reportedly been used in 34 countries and is intended to enhance transparency and confidence in election procedures. Voting eligibility is extended to citizens 18 years of age and above who possess a national identity card.

Authorities have conducted voter list verification, including door-to-door checks, to improve the accuracy of voter records. According to official announcements, the general election will be held in three phases. The first phase is taking place on 28 December 2025 in 102 townships.

The second phase is scheduled for 11 January 2026 in 100 townships, followed by a third phase on 25 January in 63 townships. By-elections are planned for the remaining townships. A total of 4,863 candidates, representing 57 political parties and independent candidates, are contesting seats in the Pyithu Hluttaw, Amyotha Hluttaw, and Region/State Hluttaws.